WebSuprathermal ions observed upstream of the Venus bow shock Full Record Related Research Abstract Suprathermal ions with arrival directions quite distinct from those of the solar wind have been detected upstream of the Venus bow shock. WebJan 31, 2024 · Suprathermal populations are ubiquitous in the solar wind, indicating plasma states out of thermal equilibrium, and an excess of free energy expected to enhance the kinetic instabilities.… 65 PDF View 2 excerpts, references methods and background The interplay of the solar wind proton core and halo populations: EMIC instability
Kappa Distribution Function: From Empirical to Physical Concepts
WebDefinition of superthermal in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of superthermal. What does superthermal mean? Information and translations of superthermal in the most … WebOct 15, 2024 · Small-scale magnetic flux ropes (SMFRs) are observed more frequently than larger-scale magnetic flux ropes (e.g., magnetic clouds) in interplanetary space. We selected 235 SMFRs by applying cylindrical linear force-free fitting to 20-year observations of the Wind satellite, which meets the criteria of low beta, low temperature, an enhanced … assia tpmp
The Evolving Subauroral Paradigm and Theory of Subauroral …
Websignificant enhancement of suprathermal electrons between -1830 and 2010 SCET, but the identification of the exact time that the fluxes first increased remains a problem. The signature of enhanced fluxes of suprathermal electrons is repeated, albeit less clearly, in the nan'ower events (1) and (3). The corresponding magnetic L-shells for WebOct 6, 2024 · Obviously, suprathermal protons do not affect Langmuir waves, but inhibit ion-acoustic modes. The present results provide both the methodology and the theoretical … WebDec 1, 2024 · In the three equations above, the different variables are: ξ e is the fraction of energy that goes into the acceleration of electrons to suprathermal energies; u d is the internal energy of the downstream gas; m p and m e are the proton and electron masses, respectively; c is the speed of light; q is the entropy jump; E min = 10 k B T is the ... assia tatoo